Hollywood musicals Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hollywood musicals - Movie Review Example This genre is considered as one of the popular genres of Hollywood. It had unique features, elements, themes and characteristics. In Hollywood Musicals cinema, music and songs were used as a narrative tool to convey the script to the audience. The songs and music had a different interpretation from the dialogues, the metaphors used in the songs would tell the story in an entertaining and creative manner. The combination of dance movements, rhythm, melody and other stylistic aspects of the genre made Hollywood Musicals as a unique, popular and entertaining. The review of Hollywood Musicals, ‘Singing in the Rain’ (1952), ‘Easter Parade’ (1948) and Good News’ (1947) will help to analyze the themes and ideas on which the movies were based at that particular time. ‘Singing in the rain’ released in 1952 was directed by Stanley Donon and Genne Kelly. It had actors Don Lockenod, Cosmo Brown and Lina Lamont. The film was a modest hit but got a legendary status by contemporary critics. The movie has a great humor; the scenes that deal with the technical difficulties of the early days of talkies are hilarious and entertaining. This movie is about the making of movies, the setting is either the sets of the movie or the premiere shows. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as one of the best musicals made in its time. It was ranked as fifth best American movie in the list of ‘Greatest American films’ in 2007. The movie offers a lighthearted representation of Hollywood with the stars that are caught up in the transition from the silent movies to talkies. The movie revolves around funny and hilarious scenes which deal with the scenes where the stars are dealing with technical issues during making of their movie. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as the best musical movie ever made, the sequence where Kelly begins dance until the cop looks at him strangely is probably the most joyous musical sequence ever filmed in the

Blackberry Picking Essay Example for Free

Blackberry Picking Essay Task: Choose a poem that deals with an aspect of ordinary living. Analyse the poem showing how it . Pleasures are like poppies spread You seize the flower, its bloom is shed Bums Seamus Heaneys sensual and disturbing poem Blackberry -Picking explores aspects of ordinary living and enables us to see clearly the truth about a core element of human nature. This engaging piece of verse, written early in the Nobel laureates career, exposes humans perpetual desire for pleasure and the seemingly inescapable negative consequences attached to this pursuit. The poem is produced in a style readers familiar with Heaney will recognise: the deeper meaning is heavily cloaked in metaphor, and is therefore made clearer and more emphatic once understood. Upon reflection of these underlying themes about ordinary life, the reader experiences the clarity of vision usually associated with seeing something for the first time; this is a quality Heaney has claimed is essential to poetry. The poem is, on the surface, about a boys experiences at berry-picking time in the countryside. The anticipation and participation in this apparently very pleasant practice is conveyed for most of the first stanza of this two stanza piece. The poet describes an insatiable appetite (that verges upon greed) for indulging in the activity. In the latter part of this first stanza, however, a far less hedonistic mood can be detected by a very noticeable change in lexical choice and imagery; indeed, guilt and perhaps even remorse are evident here. In the second stanza the picked fruit becomes grotesque as it decays and the inevitable destructive forces of time take effect: Primarily, it is necessary to detail the larger metaphor which is relevant from the very beginning of the poem the title: Blackberry-Picking. The concept of picking fruit has irreducible associations with the Biblical story of Genesis an explanation of creation and mankinds fall from a state of innocence to one of sin a nd guilt. In this book Adam and Eve are templed by Satan to pick the forbidden fruit, resulting in their expulsion from Paradise. From this we can infer that the berries of Heaneys poem symbolise temptation, and that this temptation will lead to a loss of innocence and the incursion of guilt and sin into the world of the poem. In addition to this, the idea that the propensity for giving in to temptation is central to human nature, as it is of such ancient  origin, is strongly suggested. †¢ The time of year when these symbolic berries are picked, Late August, is given in the first line, and the sultry, humid, sensual atmosphere of this time of year is evoked by the following zeugma: given heavy rain and sun. This sensual atmosphere is developed in the first nine lines of the poem, and it clearly contains allusions to sex in lines 5-7: You ate that first one, and its flesh was sweet Like thickened wine: summers blood was in it Leaving stains upon the tongue and lust for Picking. Here the idea of the irresistible allure of the berries is emphasised, and the allusions to sexual pleasure through the lexical choice of that first one, its flesh was sweet, Leaving stains upon the tongue, and the direct reference to lust, heighten the mood of sensual temptation. This is reinforced and strengthened by the suggestion of intoxication in line 6 when the flesh of the berries is described in a simile as being Like thickened wine. Summer is subsequently personified and this reference to Summers blood thickens the languid, warm, impassioned atmosphere. In this section of the poem, then, very ordinary aspects of life sensuousness, sexuality, desire, temptation are conveyed cleverly and clearly through the metaphor of blackberry picking. This metaphor enables us to see these things as extraordinary driving forces behind our actions, and this is a disturbing realisation. The boy experiencing this burgeoning, bountiful time of the rural calendar cannot, as has been shown ab ove, get enough of the fruit he picks. He and others set out between lines 9-12 to gather as many berries as they can. After they have indulged in this harvest, however, a contrasting mood is introduced: .. on top big dark blobs burned Like a plate of eyes. Our hands were peppered With thorn pricks, our palms sticky as Bluebeards. Here the poetry is loaded with imagery and cultural associations. Initially the monosyllabic alliteration of the plosive b in big dark blobs burned strikes the reader as ponderous and menacing. This reaction is reinforced by the connotations of pain in the verb burned. The effect of this is aided by the gruesome and macabre simile that follows. The berries are described as being Like a plate of eyes. The very different mood engendered by this imagery is developed by the subsequent allusion to the crucifixion of Christ in hands in thorn pricks and the simile incorporating the legendary  character Bluebeard (a pirate who murdered many wives). This section of the poem, then, gives three consecutive images that evoke . connotations of guilt: the mutilation of the berries nat ural environment, the indirect reference to Christ (crucified by mankind), and the comparison between the berry pickers hands and the bloody hands of a serial murderer. In stanza two the mood of the poem deteriorates further as the harvested berries decay. In the first line the word hoarded, used to describe the volume of berries stored, reminds us of the insatiable appetite and self-indulgence depicted in the first stanza. The berries are now rotting, however, and this is conveyed effectively through word choice. They are described with the verbs stinking and fermented. Furthermore, a disease is spreading through the hoard. This is described as A ratgrey fungus, glutting on our cache. The connotations of disgust, revulsion and disappointment evident here are developed in lines 20-21: Once off the bush/I the sweet flesh would turn sour. What we can also perceive here is the notion of the inevitable and regularly experienced fate of all pleasure it cannot last and becomes satiety and guilt. The anguish at the fate of the berries, and therefore the fate of all indulgence is emphasised by the tone of the third last line: I always felt like crying. It wasnt fair. The boy of the poem is clearly still becoming accustomed to the irresistible forces of time. In the last line, however, we learn that the boy experiences this annually: That all the lovely canfuls smelt of rot Each year I hoped theyd keep, knew they would not Perpetual hope and the following inevitable disappointment is emphasised here, and the reader can directly engage with this as we all experience such sequences in ordinary life. By the process of reflecting upon, and understanding, the blackberry picking metaphor, the reader sees the driving forces behind human behaviour afresh, and they become extraordinary and disturbing. Blackberry-Picking is a sensual and evocative poem which entices the reader with rich and opulent images. In stanza one we are drawn into the pleasure of the activities depicted by the poet. The ideas of guilt, disgust, and disappointment are then introduced as the greed of the pickers and the decay of the berries are illustrated. The extension of this cycle to others areas of life is performed by the use of sexual and cultural  allusions, symbolism and metaphor. Through these techniques we are given a startlingly clear picture of a common and ordinary reality we may never before have considered: that our lives are driven by perpetually disappointed hope and desire and that pleasure cannot last. The disturbing nature of this realisation is compounded by the religious symbolism of the berries this state of affairs may have been with us from the very beginning, and there is no reason why it should not be with us to the end.

The Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

If one is to read Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter, they will forever remember the remarkable tale of a woman who succeeds against all odds. It extraordinarily describes the life and times of early Puritan colonists in America and the sin of adultery. The question of morality and its positive and negative effects is at the very core of this story. Is one night of sin worth a lifetime of hardships? I. Summary Hester Prynne, a member of a once affluent and prosperous family, was arranged to marry a physician by the name of Roger Chillingworth. Although not out of love, they are married and live successful lives in Amsterdam. When they eventually decide to settle in America, Hester is set on ahead of Roger so that he may finish his business in Amsterdam. Hester does not hear from her husband for two years, and many people conceive of his being lost at sea. Hester then falls in love with another man and they have a child together. She is found guilty of committing adultery and is sentenced to stand holding her child before Boston on a scaffold for three hours. She is interrogated as to who her fellow sinner is, but she remains strong. Many women of the town believe that Hester's penalty is not harsh enough and therefore, she is marked with the letter A upon her chest. She is returned to her prison cell and a doctor is summoned to help calm her. The doctor turns out to be her lost husband, Chillingworth, and he makes Hester promise to never reveal that he is her husband. She does so in return for the secrecy of the name of the man who is the father of her daughter, Pearl. Eventually, Hester settles down with Pearl in a small cottage and leads a basically normal life as a seamstress. Pearl turns out to be a very peculiar child with a disobedient attitude towards life. She is 'imp-like'; in appearance and many people believe that she could be a bad influence on their comfortable Puritan town. With hearing talk that Pearl may be taken away from her, she goes to the Governor Bellingham's office in order to talk him into letting her keep the child. Bellingham is displeased with Pearl's attitude of the church and Puritanism, and therefore decides to take her away. Just before he does, Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale steps in and talks Bellingham out of it.

Bizet, Georges :: essays research papers

Georges Bizet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Georges Bizet was born in Paris on October 25th, 1838. He was trained by his parents, who were musical, and admitted to the Paris Conservatoire just before his tenth birthday. There he studied counterpoint with Zimmerman and Gounod and composition with Halà ©vy, and under Marmontel's tuition he became a brilliant pianist. Bizet's exceptional powers as a composer are already apparent in the products of his Conservatoire years, notably the Symphony in C, a work of precocious genius dating from 1855 (but not performed until 1935). In 1857 Bizet shared with Lecocq a prize offered by Offenbach for a setting of the one-act operetta Le Docteur Miracle; later that year he set out for Italy as holder of the coveted Prix de Rome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During his three years in Rome Bizet began or projected many compositions; only four survive, including the opera buffa, Don Procopio (not performed until 1906). Shortly after his return to Paris, in September 1861, his mother died; the composer consoled himself with his parents' maid, by whom he had a son in June 1862. He rejected teaching at the Conservatoire and the temptation to become a concert pianist, and completed his obligations under the terms of the Prix de Rome. The last of these, a one-act opà ©ra comique, La guzla de l'emir, was rehearsed at the Opà ©ra-Comique in 1863 but withdrawn when the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre-Lyrique director, who had been offered 100 000 francs to produce annually an opera by a Prix de Rome winner who had not had a work staged, invited Bizet to compose Les pà ªcheurs de perles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bizet completed it in four months. It was produced in September 1863, but met with a generally cool reception: an uneven work, with stiff characterization, it is notable for the skilful scoring of its exotic numbers. In the ensuing years Bizet earned a living arranging other composers' music and giving piano lessons. Not until December 1867 was another opera staged - La jolie fille de Perth, which shows a surer dramatic mastery than Les pà ªcheurs despite an inept libretto. It received a good press but had only 18 performances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1868 was a year of crisis for Bizet, with more abortive works, attacks of quinsy and a reexamination of his religious stance; and his attitude to music grew deeper. In June 1869 he married Genevià ¨ve, daughter of his former teacher, Halà ©vy, and the next year they suffered the privations caused by the Franco-Prussian war (Bizet enlisted in the National Guard).

Christmas tree Essay

Art is an object or piece of work that brings one pleasure. Art is also something you see or feel and you cannot even begin to describe the ways you like it or how it makes you feel. Art is something that portrays beauty and happiness. Art lets you see the world through another person’s perspective. Most art seems to tell a story about where a person has been and the things they have encountered along the way. It lets you connect with the artist and see things through their eyes. Art is a way of expressing one’s self without words. When I think of art, I think of paintings, portraits, sketches, and sculptures. I know there are many other forms of art, but my favorite form is painting. I normally respond first to the mood of the art and the idea it brings to mind. I like art that makes me feel happy. Second I would say I respond to the colors in the art. I like warm and soothing colors. I prefer scenery in art work. I like paintings of autumn, filled with warm oranges and yellows in the trees, country roads covered with fallen leaves. Those kinds of paintings make me feel warm and happy. One of my favorite autumn scenes is by Robert A Tino, a local artist in Sevierville, TN. It is called Autumn Psalm. It is a small country church setting just off of a country road lined with trees. The trees in the painting are almost bare, and the beautiful autumn leaves are scattered on the ground. This painting gives me a sense of peace and happiness. The content of art is not quite as important to me as the way it makes me feel. I love works of art that portray a place that I have been or know. It is nice to see something you are familiar with from another person’s perspective. For instance, Harrisburg Holiday, another great work of art by Robert A Tino. It is a painting of a covered bridge that I am very familiar with, but he has painted it as he saw it in 1975. It is a beautiful winter scene. He paints the roads covered with snow and an old red Chevy truck hauling a Christmas tree. The scene has two snowmen at the entrance to the covered bridge. It fills your heart with warmth and holiday spirit just to look at it. Portraits to me are art in a different sense. Some of my favorite portraits are by Martin Waugh. It is what he calls Liquid Sculpture. He uses high speed photography to capture drops of liquid as the splash into lakes and other bodies of water. To me there is just something so soothing about his work. It is amazing how a tiny drop of liquid can create such a beautiful work of art. His work impresses me, because I never really thought of liquid as art before I saw one of his photos. The formal qualities of art work are somewhat important. I like paintings that flow smoothly with very fine brush strokes. I think some of the most beautiful art work is produced with a combination of canvas and oil paints. I like portraits that capture images I normally could not see otherwise. Portraits that capture the colors you can see when light reflects on a ripple of water amaze me. I do not know a great deal about art, but art seems to be much more opinion than fact.

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs

The Period of Slavery in the Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs There is plenty that can be said about the issues that were concerned with slavery, but the truth remains a bitter pill to swallow. The book shows the struggles that slaves underwent during the period of slavery. This was more so for the women who were involved and worked as slaves. The workers endured difficult times during slavery due to the stigma that was in the air, regarding what was considered the lower castes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Period of Slavery in the â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† by Harriet Jacobs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book shows that there was a lot of ignorance in the course of the period of slavery. This may be described better in many situations in the book. Most of the situations that were depicted showed one such situation was when one character in the book lent out money in the range of three hundred dollars to her owner. It was well known that s laves had no right to any property and thus the money did not count as hers. The money was lent out on the basis of pure honor (Jacobs 13). The borrower had no obligation to pay back the money. The sexual abuse and assault that the slave women endured under the hands of their masters was another degradation that they knew they would do nothing about. This was due to the fact that they were wholly owned by their masters, and had nowhere to go when such incidences as rape occurred. The masters were well aware of the situation that the slaves were in and they took full advantage of the situation. They were also aware that the salves were ignorant and they could take advantage of their weaknesses. The book states that the author had to befriend a neighbor in order to try and protect herself from her owner who decided to seduce and threaten her, rather than rape her, although he would have done so eventually. The fact that she did what she was avoiding to do with her neighbor describes t he levels of desperation that the slaves experienced, and it goes to show that they were ready to go to great extents in order to ensure that they were not violated. Hiding in the attic for around seven years and only seeing her children through a peep hole in the wall, in order to avoid meeting her master who intended to make her his lover ,is quite enough proof that the slaves would stretch their imaginations just to get a sense of freedom.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was a really trying time for the slaves as they were bound by laws that forced them to stay in the places that they had been sold. These laws stated that an owner could do whatever they pleased with the slaves that he or she had bought or paid money for from a trader. The twists and tales of the script speak volumes about the lives that the slaves underwent. The main character endeavors to br ing her family sired by the neighbor together. Her children are torn apart and they are forced to live in different places although at some point they keep getting back together. This depicts a true sense of commitment that the slaves had towards their families. It is a natural instinct that is in-built in people that is exuded in situations that seem or appear to be tearing them apart. Jacobs, Harriet. Incidents in the life of a slave girl, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1861. Print.

Becomming a Director essays

Becomming a Director essays Directing is a difficult, yet exciting and creative career with a long history and a promising future. It's a career full of stress, but the end production is well worth it. With a little time and a lot of patience, someone could create a successful movie, TV show, or play. Someone always have to be ready for rejection though. Critics can be harsh. "... It's no wonder why directing is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining." (Internet #2), they work with so many people and so many things. They determine how everything should look. It's not always easy to predict the outcomes but everything has to be perfect. The main idea of a director is to make scripts come alive. They do this by hiring actors, choreographers, technicians, stage crew, caterers, etc. (Internet #1). Also, according to this site, "actors must be paid minimum salary and can work no more than a set number of hours depending on their contracts." Directors must obey the rules set by the union (Internet #1). The union is a type of organization that deals with the assurance of actors getting what they deserve; such as salaries, benefits, and working hours (parents input). Becoming a director isn't all that easy. Usually, it's not something 'just anyone' can do. It's not likely someone can do this straight out of high school. First off, they should be prepared to work under difficult conditions (Internet #2). The 'aspiring director' must have at least a bachelor's degree in some kind of media or broadcasting field. Along with that, they should at least complete a short film by their college graduation (Internet #1). Another plus is going to a film school. "Formal training in directing is available at a number or colleges and universities." (Internet #1). The Bachelors degree will help in getting better opportunities to direct in better, high quality, higher paying placements (Career Encyclopedia Vol. II pg. 817-822). Us ...

To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Essays

To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Essays To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Paper To what extent is the rule contained in the Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd Paper Essay Topic: Law The company as a separate legal personality from that of its members as defined by the Companies Act 1862 was established in common law by the House of Lords in 1879 when they delivered their judgement in the case of Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd. Indeed, this case is now seminal, with both practitioners and students of the law referring to it as the foundation upon which modern company law is based. However, although the outcome of Salomon v Salomon Co. Ltd is now firmly embedded that is not to say it has not been prone to the effects of the occasional tremor. Since this ruling and some might argue prior to this ruling by the House of Lords questions relating to the interpretation of the act and its scope have been hotly debated. While some see this ruling as clearly interpreting the 1862 act at common law others contend that such an interpretation is too rigid and clearly open to abuse. It would be argued that a separate legal personality in conjunction with limited liability offered the nineteenth century entrepreneur the protection they desperately needed if their business ventures were to grow and expand beyond their personal resources. Others would contend that this ruling was to the detriment of the companys creditors, allowing the unscrupulous individual or individuals to set up a limited company at little expense and little or no risk to themselves. Indeed, some detractors of the outcome of the Salomon v. Salomon Co Ltd ruling have referred to such companies as a sham, a screen and a mere fraud. These, and a plethora of similar terms illustrates perfectly, as Murray A. Pickering states, the degree of uncertainty on the part of the courts on some occasions when dealing with the separate existence of the company (1). The uncertainty created by the House of Lords ruling between helping the entrepreneur and protecting the creditors of the business has seen that the principles of the company as a separate legal entity with limited liability not go unchallenged. Since 1879 companies have become more complex in their design and their operation and with out any radical changes in statute to incorporate these, it has been left largely to the courts to respond to these developments. The question of abuse by one or more individuals of the privileged status of the incorporated company has frequently come before the courts since the House of Lords ruling. For instance the potential of a party or parties to operate behind a limited company and perpetrate a fraud upon the companys creditors has been recognised and in recent decades the rise, and in some instances the dominance, of the group of companies (conglomerates and multinationals) has seen the courts set down a number of exceptions to the general principle of incorporation with its inherent benefits as laid down by the Companies Act 1862 as interpreted by the Salomon case. While Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd might form the foundations of modern company law, over the years those foundations have been made more pliable with the courts recognising a number of instances whereby the veil of incorporation can be lifted so as to allow the courts to determine the true nature of the organisation. Before one considers the potential for abuse of the rule as contained with in the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd case it would be prudent to begin by examining why the law in relation to the company needed to be changed. The background surrounding the eventual House of Lords judgement will then be reviewed before consideration is given to the actual judgement itself. From this vantage point it will then be possible to consider in some detail the potential for abuse together with practical illustrations of how the courts and statute have sought reduce the potential for abuse. Prior to the 1840s there were two routes available to someone seeking to create a company. The first required the company to be incorporated by Royal Charter which in effect gave the company monopolistic power with in its sphere of influence (as defined by the charter). Indeed, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries this was the vehicle that allowed the British Empire to prosper. The other route was for a company to be incorporated by Parliament. However, this route was both time-consuming and expensive and could only be justified in the case of very large undertakings such as the development of the railway. By the middle of the eighteenth century Britain was facing growing competition from its traditional European rivals (in particular France and Germany) and from the rapidly developing and industrialised United States of America. Indeed while the vast majority of Britains economic wealth rested in the hands of family run enterprises America was witnessing the creation of the conglomerate in the hands of such people as Andrew Carnegie (1835 1919) and J. P. Morgan (1837 1913). While Britain had the skills and abilities to compete, the inability for an individual or a group of individuals to raise capital to create comparable enterprises was strangling economic development. It was common practice to insert provisions within the charter of a trading corporation which allowed leviations on its members to pay the corporations debts, a factor which stifled entrepreneurial risk taking. Boyle and Bird in their book Company Law credit the legislation of the 1840s and the 1850s as being responsible for the creation of the registered company that we can recognise today and while those commentating on the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd case make reference in particular to the 1862 Companies Act one could argue, persuasively, that it was the Joint Stock Companies Acts of 1856, the that provides the bedrock upon which the modern company was formed. This act consolidated and reformed previous legislation. It introduced the memorandum and articles of association while abolishing deeds of settlement and of equal importance it removed previous safeguards for limited liability. These changes in the law were in response to a particular economic reality, the need to finance growth. In conjunction with the skills of the entrepreneur and technological developments these changes helped to stimulate the economy by making it possible to raise capital for a business venture without facing the consequences of unlimited liability should the venture fail. Some thirty years later Mr Salomon, a manufacturer of boots and shoes and trading under the name A Salomon Co. sought to turn his business into a limited company. He adhered to all that was required of him under the Companies Act 1862. However, the judge suggested that the company had a right of indemnity against Mr Salomon, declaring the shareholders of the company were nominees of Mr Salomon. The counter-claim was amended accordingly. Vaughan Williams J. declared that the plaintiffs of A. Salomon Co, Limited or the liquidator were entitled to be indemnified by the defendant A. Salomon. It is interesting to note that his Lordship was attempting to lift the corporate veil, something that a number of courts have done against the backdrop of the House of Lords ruling on Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd in 1879. He stated that this business was Mr Salomons business and no one elses; that he chose to employ as agent a limited company; that he is bound to indemnify that agent, the company; and that his agent, the company, has a lien on the assets which overrides his claim(2) He went on to say In this case it is clear that the relationship of principal and agent existed between Mr Salomon and the company. 3) His Lordship had recognised and attempted to address what was to become one of the major exceptions (the company as an agent of an individual) to the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd ruling, one which would allow future courts to legitimately lift the corporate veil. Mr Salomon appealed; but the appeal was dismissed thought the grounds for dismissal differed from those expressed by the lower court. Lindley L. J. ntimated that Mr Salomon had acted fraudulently when he said It is manifest that the other members of the company have practically no interest in it, and their names have merely been used by Mr Aron Salomon to enable him to form a company, and to use its name in order to screen himself from liability(4) His suggestion that a fraud had been perpetrated by A. Salomon was clarified when he said There are many small companies which will be quite unaffected by this decision. But there may possibly be some which, like this, are mere devices to enable a man to carry on trade with limited liability, to incur debts in the name of a registered company, and to sweep off the companys assets by means of debentures which he has caused to be issued to himself in order to defeat the claims of those who have been incautious enough to trade with the company without perceiving the trap which he has laid for them(5) While the case went to the House of Lords it is interesting to note that once again the court sought to lift the veil of incorporation in its attempt to discover a fraud which after 1879 would be considered another legitimate reason for lifting the corporate veil. The House of Lords ruling on Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd set the standard against which future cases would be judged. Lord Halsbury L. C. made it clear that it was not the courts role to interpret the Companies Act 1862, The sole guide must be the statute itself(6) He later went on to describe Vaughan Williams J. argument as a singular contradiction, Either the limited company was a legal entity or it was not. If it was, the business belonged to it and not to Mr Salomon. If it was not, there was no person and no thing to be an agent at all; and it is impossible to say at the same time that there is a company and there is not(7) Lord MacNaghten in addressing Vaughan Williams J. ssertion that the signatories to the memorandum of association were mere nominees of Mr Salomon said the Act requires that a memorandum of association should be signed by seven persons, who are each to take one share at least. If those conditions are complied with, what can it matter whether the signatories are relations or strangers(8) Addressing the issue of limited liability and Vaughan Williams J. comments he said If the view of the learned judge were sound, it would follow that no common law partnership could register as a company limited by shares without remaining subject to unlimited liability(9) He dismissed the Court of Appeals suggestion that Mr Salomon had acted fraudulently and went on to say It has beco me the fashion to call companies of this class one man companies. That is a taking nickname, but it does not help much in the way of argument. If it is intended to convey the meaning that a company which is under the absolute control of one person is not a company legally incorporated, although the requirements of the Act of 1862 may have been complied with, it is inaccurate and misleading(10) It was held that the appeal be allowed, and the counter-claim of the company dismissed with costs (both in this hearing and below). Both Vaughan Williams J and the court of Appeal saw it as the duty of the court to look behind the incorporation of the company. Each, for different reasons, felt that Mr Salomon was manipulating the machinery of the Companies Act, 1862 for a purpose for which it was never intended. 11) However, the House of Lords judgment firmly pulled down the veil of incorporation around the company and its members. It is telling, when Lord MacNaghten referring to Vaughan Williams J. comments on the case stated Leave out the words contrary to the true intent and meaning of the Companies Act, 1862(12) It is clear that Lord MacNaghten and his colleagues held that their role was merely to apply and not to interpret the Companies Act, 1862 and that any such interpretation by the courts was out with their jurisdiction. Nevertheless, later courts have found it necessary to lift the veil of incorporation and over the years there has been a number of exceptions to the principle laid down by the Salomon case that the corporation is a separate legal entity. Gonzalo Villalta Puig contends that the verdict reached by the House of Lords in the case of Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd created a double-edged sword. While the verdict helped to drive capitalism by established the company as a separate legal entity with limited liability and allowed it (the company) to enter into contracts in its own name it also helped promoted the evasion of legal obligations by allowing these benefits to be harnessed by small private enterprises. Goulding agrees with Puig but goes further by suggesting that individuals are encouraged to seek limited liability by becoming a limited company even when such a step is not necessary in their particular circumstances. These, and other criticisms have their basis in fact. In the years since the Salomon v. Salomon Co. Ltd ruling in 1879 there have been a number of instances where the strict interpretation of the law has been questioned in the courts and the courts have seen fit to look behind the corporate veil. Farrar, in his book Company Law outlines several categories under which the courts have sought to pierce the corporate veil, though he is quick to point out the courts have not done this in a systematic way. Rather than defining what is meant by the term incorporation and what it does and does not encapsulate the courts have examined this area on a case-by-case basis. As such, they have maintained the integrity of the Salomon ruling while providing a degree of flexibility but only on a case-by-case basis. It is therefore up to the individual/s who feel they might have a justifiable grievance to take that grievance to the courts and there present a persuasive argument for the corporate veil to be lifted in order that their grievance can be remedied. This in itself can prove very costly and time consuming. Believing one has a justifiable grievance might not be enough for a party to pursue their claim in court as the costs and time constraints might prove prohibitive. While this is not highlighted, by Farrar, it can nevertheless be considered a potential form of abuse.

Businesses and Jobs in Saudi Arabia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Businesses and Jobs in Saudi Arabia - Essay Example Businesses in Saudi Arabia According to the annual â€Å"Doing Business† report (Reuters) issued by the International Finance Corporation (IFC)-World Bank for 2010, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was listed as the world’s 13th most economically competitive country. In addition, as per the Reuters report, the country has been considered as a potential region for business operations in the Arab World and the entire Middle East (Reuters). â€Å"Saudi Arabian companies dominate 2009’s â€Å"MEED 100†, with companies listed on the Tadawul accounting for 29 out of the region’s 100 biggest publicly quoted companies ranked by market capitalization† (Economy of Saudi Arabia). While analyzing the major business sectors of Saudi Arabia, the petroleum production, natural gas, chemicals, cement, fertilizer, plastics, and construction are the major industrial segments of the country. Among this, petroleum industry provides large scale business opportunities in the country. As Alyousef and Abu-ebid point out, statistical data show that Saudi Arabian petroleum sector accounts for nearly 55% of the GDP, 90% of export revenues, and 45% of budget earnings. In addition, private sector represents roughly 40% of the GDP. As of 2002, over 95% of the Kingdom’s oil business was initiated by the parastatal giant Saudi Aramco on behalf of the country’s government. ... As per the Saudi Gazette, the country’s exports of chemical products increased from $10.8 million in 2005 to $16.2 million in 2008 (Saudi Gazette). For more details on the KSA’s international trade see figure 11. The above diagram indicates Saudi Arabia’s international trade over the last few years. The graph clearly indicates that value of Saudi Arabia’s total exports is always less than that of the country’s total imports. The country’s business sector has been showing greater improvements since Saudi Arabia became the member of WTO in 2005. Oil and petroleum industries have a significant influence on the country’s international trade. According to the information released by the International Trade Center, Saudi Arabia’s total exports represented $213.4 billion in 2010. With 17.2% of the Kingdom’s exports, United States is ranked as the country’s biggest exporter partner. Saudi Arabia has significant trade relat ionship with countries like Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan also. Jobs in Saudi Arabia Historically, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provides extensive employment opportunities to the country’s citizens and immigrants. Statistical data indicate that KSA economy is currently employing nearly five and a half million foreign workers. It seems that the KSA government encourages the country’s private sector growth with intent to meet the employment needs of swelling Saudi population. However, the economic downturn in 2009 led to unemployment hike in the Saudi Arabia. In order to overcome the adverse impacts of the economic downturn, the KSA government adopted a new employment strategy in 2009. However, recent reports indicate that the company is gradually improving its

Literary elements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literary elements - Essay Example The story revolves around the picture of the white elephant, which indirectly puts the situation of the girl into a simpler picture. A white elephant means that something is too expensive or too costly to keep up that it becomes a nuisance. The girl keeps mentioning the white elephant over and over the story, emphasizing that there is something that burdens them. But as can be seen throughout the story, hesitation can be seen in her voice when she talks about the simple operation that her partner is suggesting. This shows that the girl is torn between keeping the white elephant, or going through with the operation to get rid of it. The white elephants, then, becomes the symbolism for keeping the baby, which is obviously what the partner is trying to rid of. Throughout the story, we can see that the exchange of statements between the girl and the man is full of tension. The reader can feel that the girl is torn between going through the operation and not going through with it. We cann ot feel that she is scared but more that she is worried that the plan will not go through as simply as the man puts it. The man is insistent, almost sounds too pushy, when he mentions that the operations is just simple, just letting air in through and everything will be alright again.

Mcdonalds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Mcdonalds - Research Paper Example The company supports several projects established to do social good to the people under the title of social corporate responsibility. A company is considered doing social good when it creates social value through its productive cooperation with stakeholders (Pies, Beckman and Hielscher 269). Managing several subsidiaries and affiliates of the company has caused the company to adopt interactive management, leadership, and organizational styles. Walt Disney World Company is market share oriented; the company therefore uses integrated communication strategies in its advertisement methods. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility Business ethics is a form of professional code of conduct that examines moral principles and problems that arise in the business environment. Business ethics applies to all aspects of a business environment and is beneficial to the conduct of people and entire operation of the organization. Corporate ethics have both normative and descriptive dimensions. The fi eld of business practice and specialization adopts the normative dimensions, while the academics seeking to understand behavior of business employ the descriptive dimension of ethics. The primary objective of social responsibility is to create value for the community (Pies, Beckman and Hielscher 269). ... The company provides equal opportunities for all employees and recruitment applicants without discriminating them because of race, disability, religion, sexual orientation, color, national origin, marital status, or other basis that is against the federal law. Employees are prohibited from harassing any other employee, guest, or other person for reasons that are in contradiction with the law. Corporate social responsibility is a form of corporate self-regulation that businesses integrate into their business models to monitor and ensure their active compliance with the spirit of law, international norms, and ethical standards. Walt Disney World Company participates in doing social good to the people beyond the legal requirements and interests of the company (Barth 1). The company participates in eliminating the undesirable consequences associated with environmental and social issues. The company’s corporate citizenship goals include inspiring communities, kids, employees and pa rents in order to make long-lasting and positive change in the world (Barth 2). The Disney Friends for Change program, which operates in nineteen countries, has attracted two million and five hundred thousand kids to pledge for the environment. Other programs hosted by Disney in relation to corporate social responsibility include Disney Magic of Healthy Living, Disney’s Climate Solutions Fund, and Disney’s Human Rights Policy Statement. Management, Leadership and the Internal Organization Management refers to the act of coordinating people’s efforts to accomplish the desired goals and objectives of the organization. The management focuses on effective and efficient

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 - Essay Example The rules and the regulations set by the authorities in the organization have not been accepted by the employees, as a result of which conflict has arisen. Thus, it is required for the teams that work in the organization to discuss with the director of the organization and have a justification of the newly assigned rules and regulations. The employees who worked in a team had disagreed to take the assignments from the manager which initiated the conflict. As the manager is selected by the director to work with the team, it is required for the team to obey the changes made by the manager. The team which worked under the jurisdiction of the organization from the beginning and was working under the manager of the organization had denied working with the manager because of his certain newly enacted strict regulations. The team felt that a few new regulations were unfair to them. However, it can be said that different managers have diverse ways of handling the teams and working for the be tterment of the organization. Thus, it is needed for the team who are working with the managers to know his role and provide their consents to those regulations and ways of his works. It is essential for the team to know the work process of the manager so that it becomes easier for the team to work with. Violating the boundary of the organization or not meeting with the expectations of the organization is also a concern that has arisen from the situation of conflict. The decision earlier taken by the team of not complying with the orders of the manager is needed to be reassessed (McCuddy, 2003). Moreover, it is also required for the team to have a discussion with the manager and communicate with him to know his ideas for obtaining results from the assigned works and to identify and discuss the right ways for reaching the goals. If the expectations are not met by the organization, it is needed to make an assessment of the expectations which are to be made to ensure the efficiency of the organization. If there is any deficiency in the rules and the regulations it should be amended or reallocated and explanation from the higher-level administrators is required to be provided for effective functioning of the organization. The conflict also has arisen due to changes brought in work process and rules. The previous manager had his own rules and schedules of work process which were ultimately changed by the new manger appointed to the organization and assigned to operate the team. The new manager set up his own rules and regulations without informing the team. As a result, the new rules which are set up have been majority of the times disobeyed by the team. The working hours of the organization i.e. the work schedule for the organization had also been changed which has also not been accepted by the teams of the organization. Due to the fact that the new manager is appointed by the organization, it is required for the team to have a discussion about the new work schedu le rather than directly not adhering to the changed work process, which would hamper the working procedure and schedule (Furlong, 2005). Thus, this is the major conflict situation which is required to be amended as it has been creating a significant detrimental effect on the employees’

The Community Health Systems, Stress and Their Meanings Research Paper

The Community Health Systems, Stress and Their Meanings - Research Paper Example The employees realized that the due to the prevalent condition of the industry where reimbursements were waning and regulations were mounting, the Community Health Systems was facing financial complexity; yet they were not satisfied with the offer the company had proposed and believed that they should be paid better compensation. Jim Brentwood had said that they would conduct an informational picket on Thursday and after that, they would decide depending on the strike vote by the group of employees. He had added that although the employees did not wish to strike there was a strong possibility of one if the company did not collaborate with them. Mary Martin, on the other side, found it hard to believe that the employees would go for a strike because if they did so, they would be paid only half the amount that they would have earned for a week. The 2000 employees involved were at the bottom end of the company’s pay scale, and hence Mary Martin was confident that due to monetary constraints the employees would not vote in favor of a strike. Moreover, this group of employees included patient transporters, housekeeping and cafeteria workers, and the Community Health Systems was already thinking of outsourcing their dietary department to another firm, Thomson Healthcare Food Services; and hence even if the employees did go for a strike, the organization could carry on their cafeteria services without interruption. Instead of reconciling the existing differences and trying to arrive at a consensus agreement, both the sides were rigid in their stands and were not in a mood for negotiation. Generally, the outcome of a negotiation is reliant on the power relationship between the two sides. In this context, the employee union was not aware of the company’s plan to outsource their dietary requirements.

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negotiation and Conflict Week 1 - Essay Example The rules and the regulations set by the authorities in the organization have not been accepted by the employees, as a result of which conflict has arisen. Thus, it is required for the teams that work in the organization to discuss with the director of the organization and have a justification of the newly assigned rules and regulations. The employees who worked in a team had disagreed to take the assignments from the manager which initiated the conflict. As the manager is selected by the director to work with the team, it is required for the team to obey the changes made by the manager. The team which worked under the jurisdiction of the organization from the beginning and was working under the manager of the organization had denied working with the manager because of his certain newly enacted strict regulations. The team felt that a few new regulations were unfair to them. However, it can be said that different managers have diverse ways of handling the teams and working for the be tterment of the organization. Thus, it is needed for the team who are working with the managers to know his role and provide their consents to those regulations and ways of his works. It is essential for the team to know the work process of the manager so that it becomes easier for the team to work with. Violating the boundary of the organization or not meeting with the expectations of the organization is also a concern that has arisen from the situation of conflict. The decision earlier taken by the team of not complying with the orders of the manager is needed to be reassessed (McCuddy, 2003). Moreover, it is also required for the team to have a discussion with the manager and communicate with him to know his ideas for obtaining results from the assigned works and to identify and discuss the right ways for reaching the goals. If the expectations are not met by the organization, it is needed to make an assessment of the expectations which are to be made to ensure the efficiency of the organization. If there is any deficiency in the rules and the regulations it should be amended or reallocated and explanation from the higher-level administrators is required to be provided for effective functioning of the organization. The conflict also has arisen due to changes brought in work process and rules. The previous manager had his own rules and schedules of work process which were ultimately changed by the new manger appointed to the organization and assigned to operate the team. The new manager set up his own rules and regulations without informing the team. As a result, the new rules which are set up have been majority of the times disobeyed by the team. The working hours of the organization i.e. the work schedule for the organization had also been changed which has also not been accepted by the teams of the organization. Due to the fact that the new manager is appointed by the organization, it is required for the team to have a discussion about the new work schedu le rather than directly not adhering to the changed work process, which would hamper the working procedure and schedule (Furlong, 2005). Thus, this is the major conflict situation which is required to be amended as it has been creating a significant detrimental effect on the employees’

The Coca-Cola Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Coca-Cola Company - Coursework Example As the research stresses the company enjoys more flexibility in terms of making decisions at the local levels. Decentralization for the company has also played a role in allowing the top management ample time to focus on long term planning. However, while the firm has decentralized most of its operations, there are certain divisions that are still centralized due to their importance. These divisions include, for instance, the human resource, finance, innovation and strategy division. On the other hand, the market for non-alcoholic beverages continues to grow, and Coca-Cola can use its economies of scale to expand its market base. From the report it is clear the company needs to exploit include, for instance, India and China where there is a high demand for soft drinks due to hot climate conditions. In addition, there is also a growing market for still drinks as more customers are focusing health and wellness. Conversely, in order to remain competitive, the company needs to embrace innovation. Through innovation, the company will be in a position to develop a business strategy that is unique to the competition. The Coca-Cola is a multinational company that specializes in the manufacture of soft drinks. A pharmacist known as Stith Pemberton invented the firm’s main product, Coca-Cola in 1886. However, both the formula and Coca-Cola brand was later sold to Asa Candler in 1889, leading to the establishment of The Coca-Cola Company.

Measuring Respect Essay Example for Free

Measuring Respect Essay Campbell-Ewald, an award winning integrated communications agency, noticed that their customer relationship management (CRM) solutions were not meeting the expectations that they should. In order to gain an understanding of how respect influences customer loyalty and purchasing, they team up with a research company, Synovate and developed three different surveys. The surveys consisted of 27 to 29 attitudinal statements that customer use a 5-point scale to rate. They statements were designed to measure how the customers defined respect and how important respect was in determining a purchase. They selected more than 5,000 customers from each business sectors: insurance, automotive, and retail, and mailed them the survey to complete. The customers they selected to survey were adults at least 18 years of age (Cooper Schindler, 2011). Once they had received the completed surveys they analyzed the results. They then used the results to validate the relevance of its five â€Å"People Principles†. The five â€Å"People Principles† were: ? Appreciate me ?Intentions don’t matter; actions do ?Listen; then you’ll know what I said. ?It’s about me, not about you. ?Admit it- you goofed! These five â€Å"People Principles† have helped companies like General Motors, Continental Airlines, and Farmers Insurance incorporate respectful behaviors into their business operations (Cooper Schindler, 2011). When Campbell-Ewald and Synovate developed the surveys they knew that they needed to address respect from all areas such as how a customer ranks respect to loyalty, respect to purchases, respect to continue purchases, and respect to referrals. By gaining a complete overview on how a customer reviews respect then they could develop the five â€Å"People Principles† that their clients could use to improve customer service, increase revenue, gain a competitive advantage, and build a thriving business. Campbell-Ewald knew that their research, findings, and developments would be what would make them successful. By using the numerical scale survey they were placing the same standards on all statements, which make the evaluation process easier. When conducting a survey, the more customers you select to survey will increase the number of responses that a research company will receive back. It is not likely that all 5000 customers responded but I am sure well over 50 percent responded, which gave them a diverse poll of responses. Whereas, if they had chose to survey only 100 customers then they may have received only 30 responses, which is not enough when conducting such research. Using the numerical scale makes tally and measuring the result easier, which will make the comparison easier. Also, by using the numerical scale a research firm eliminates the opportunity for researchers to be swayed by a person comments or opinions, a person either agrees or does not agree with no explanation.

Non Print Media On Education Education Essay

Non Print Media On Education Education Essay The positive impact of non-print media on education is increasingly important among students who are struggling to learn English in school settings. As Aufderheide (1993) claims, media influences peoples understanding of social reality. In particular, non-print media has a close relationship with contemporary technology which students have access to in their daily life. The value, belief and understanding of the world views may be constructed from non-print media. For example, the first point is that their participation in online chat provides a precious opportunity to communicate with people in the whole world so as to improve their language expression and construct the world views. Secondly, commenting on fan fiction processing and evaluating online information are beneficial for students to share opinions and develop critical thinking. Thirdly, playing video games, in some ways, develops students narrative thoughts, which is helpful for improving their written compositions. Theref ore, we need to recognize the genuine pleasures and benefits students receive from non-print media. Compared with the previous blog 3, I place an emphasis on the teachers input this time. The teacher will teach students language structures which will be used in photo captions and utilize non-print media such as movie segments and photos to guide students. When students understand what they need to do in the final presentation, they will pay more attention to non-print media effectively in the preparation stages and gradually find non-print media assisting their language learning. Barthes (1968) indicates that a writerly text has various meanings, and it requires people to actively explore and appreciate it. Students are asked to make photo albums and recreate or delete one character based on the original movie they choose. In the preparation stage their abilities of innovative thinking and language proficiency are gradually developed. For example, in my activities, the teacher gives examples of how to use language structures to write photo captions. It is a helpful way to construct students basic knowledge. When students understand the instructions, they can take the initiative to discuss, search for useful information and work in cooperation with each other. Task 2 requires students to recreate or delete a character and this part is not taught in class but needs students active exploration and appreciation. In the presentation, students need to do reasonable assumptions and give detailed explanations. In my activities, formative assessment will be used to monitor students learning progress and score their final presentation because formative assessment is an effective tool to adapt the teaching to meet students need. There are some reasons why I use formative assessment. First, it helps the teacher to know what students learn at a particular period and modify the instruction accordingly. For instance, when students ask the teacher questions or present what they have done, the teacher will know current status of their language ability and give them advice. Because of effective feedback from the teacher, students may find opportunity to revise and rethink their learning. I think students need to ask themselves what I have done and what I need to improve in every step. Second, it helps students to reduce pressure. Formative assessment is an ongoing assessment and it focus on process rather than results. In every stage, students may receive the teachers feedback and other peers sugges tion, so they may have clear direction how to do better in the final presentation. To a certain extent, it releases students pressure. Their participation in discussion and feedback time also gives them chances to modify and replan the upcoming presentation because the role of formative assessment is to improve learning. So the purpose of using formative assessment is to help the teacher and students clearly know learning improvement in every stage. A students feedback form will be designed as one part of formative assessment because I think students self-reflective process is very important. When filling in the feedback form, they may rethink what they have done, where they should improve and what they learn from this cooperation work. Students feedback form helps the teacher to modify the instruction, and create appropriate lessons and activities next time. Teaching material and Assessment Target group: F.6 ESL students with high English proficiency Class Size: 6 groups of 4 students (24 students) Learning Objectives:  ·impart basic knowledge of language structures  ·improve communication and cooperation skills by using non-print media  ·develop critical perspectives on movie characters adaptation  ·improve their confidence in speaking English Non-print media involved:  ·Photo  ·Movies  ·Electronic Magazine  ·Facebook  ·Websites Requirements:  ·Students work in groups of 4.  ·Each group needs to make a photo album and the photos (not more than 15) need to be chosen from the movie they watch. Task: 1 Present photo captions (15 minutes each group) by using certain language structures (the teacher will give the input before the presentation). Every student need to attend the presentation. 2 Based on the original movie, recreate or delete one character and state reasons. Date Duration Input Output Sep 4th Lesson 1 40 minutes Break 15 minutes The teacher needs to 1 teach students some language structures which are used in photo captions 2 tell students what content and features should be involved in captions The students will 1 understand how to use a one-sentence or two-sentence description in a photo caption 2 know how to use a photo caption to best present the movie theme Lesson 2 40 minutes 3 show some movie segments and choose photos which best present the theme 4 give the examples by using language structures to describe photos Students preparation stage 1 Students review what they learn in class individually. 2 Students discuss which movie they want to choose and what photos best represent the theme. (Remarks: Students can share ideas after class or use online tools such as Facebook because it functions as a discussion board and photo sharing platform. 3 Students can read some electronic magazines because they include the latest news of movies and characters, a great number of photos and film reviews. 4 If necessary, students can ask the teacher questions when they meet difficulties. 5 Each group spends some time rehearsing the presentation. Date Duration Students The teacher Sep 16th Lesson 3 50 minutes Break 15 minutes Continuous 50 minutes 1 play some movie segments and briefly introduce the main theme and content 2 show photos album and use certain language structures to describe the photos 3 Illustrate the reasons why your group recreate or delete one character 4 Other groups students can ask questions if necessary 1 assess each groups presentation 2 ask questions after the presentation Feedback Form: Presentation Group ___ Group members name:___________________ Grade:________ Assessment items Needs improvement Satisfactory Good Excellent Ideas and organisaiton 1 Can use certain language structures to describe photos 2 Can link the movie theme and supporting details to photos 3 Can express reasons why recreate or delete a character 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 Language 1 Can use appropriate words and expressions 2 Can use grammar structure clearly 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Pronunciation and delivery 1 Can pronounce words clearly and accurately 2 Can speak at a measured pace 3 Can make the voice heard satisfactorily 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 Communicative strategies 1 Can use appropriate body language (i.e. eye contact, movements, gestures) 2 Can use the available time to cover the main point 3 Can finish the presentation in the regulated time 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 Cooperation and Responses 1 Can cooperate with group members fluently 2 Can answer the teacher and other students questions immediately 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Comment Students feedback form Non-print Media Less use Appropriate use Usually use More often Photo Movies Electronic Magazine Facebook Websites Do you think non-print media is useful in your language learning? If Yes/No, state some reasons. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What difficulties you meet when you start your group work? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In your mind, what do you need to improve in your final presentation? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What do you learn from this group work? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do you have any suggestion for the next activity? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Applications of Diary of a Madman in Our Society Essay -- Diary Madman

Applications of â€Å"Diary of a Madman" in Our Society Like any piece of good literature, â€Å"Diary of a Madman† does not just apply to the time it was written. It can also be seen as a critique on the world today. However, the relation between the story and the modern world is not easily visible on the surface. One must dig deeper in order to see the parallels. Once one examines the symbolism that is used, it is clear that the story is relevant to today’s world just as much as it was to the world in which Lu Xun wrote it. There are many parallels between the story and our society, so many that this story could just as easily be a critique of our society as a critique of China in 1918. On the surface, â€Å"Diary of a Madman† is about a crazy man and his belief that everyone around him is a cannibal. Not only this, but he believes that they intend to eat him. This causes him to become paranoid and he does not trust anyone, even the animals. By the end of the story, he is resigned to the fact that he will be a victim of cannibalism, and he knows that there is nothing that he can do to protect himself. His only hope is that somewhere there are children who have not yet become cannibals and that these children can somehow be saved from what appears to be their fate. Although this is the literal reading of the text, when one looks deeper one is able to see that this is not all that Lu Xun intended to say with his story. Cannibalism is used simply because it is the most blatant way of taking advantage of other people, which is what it symbolizes. Unfortunately, the madman is the only one who notices that other people are constantly being taken advantage of. He is the only one who can see what is really going on in his societ... ...There are many similarities between the society that Lu Xun wrote his â€Å"Diary of a Madman† for and the society that we live in today. Both societies practice cannibalism through their blatant disregard of others. Both societies are guilty of relatively the same crimes, and the cure for both societies is the same. Unfortunately, it is highly unlikely that a change will ever be made in either society, because the only people who could bring this change about, the children, will be indoctrinated into the culture before they are old enough to make a difference. Works Cited: Voltaire, Candide, Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, ed. Maynard Mack, Expanded Edition (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), pp. 548-554. Xun, Lu, â€Å"Diary of a Madman,† Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, ed. Maynard Mack, Expanded Edition (New York: W. W. Norton, 1995), pp. 1684-1693.

The Road Essay examples -- Literary Analysis, Cormac McCarthy

The Road Named one of the four major novelists of his time, Cormac McCarthy has won numerous awards such as the National Book Award, National Book Critics Circle Award, and the 2009 PEN/Saul Bellow Award for Achievement in American Fiction, which places him in the highest rank of American literature. His tenth and latest novel, The Road (2006), known as his most traumatic yet intensely personal work, has won the Pulitzer Prize for Literature Award in 2007, as well as the James Tait Black Memorial Prize (2007,) and the Quill Book Award (2007.) The Road is one of three novels that have been made into a film and was featured in theaters in 2009. Nominated for various cinematography awards, and winner of the Pulitzer Award, The Road is a profoundly shocking in-depth way at looking at the flailing annihilation of the human civilization. The Road is a post-apocalyptic story of a journey taken by a father, the man, and his young son, the boy, â€Å"each the other’s world entire† (McCarthy, p. 6). The man and boy, sustained by love, travel through bleak and grim America some years after an immense unexplained cataclysm destroyed nearly all humanity, and environment. The land is covered in ash, is extremely dark, and cold with recurrent rain, gray snow, and earthquakes. Throughout the novel the boy calls the man â€Å"Papa,† and they both refer to themselves as the â€Å"good guys† who carry the fire; â€Å"the â€Å"bad guys† being other human survivors who have turned cannibalistic. The man, haunted by dreams and reminiscent due to flashbacks of his childhood and his wife who committed suicide at the time of the world-wide destruction, protects his son from starvation and attacks, even though he himself realizes that he is dying. Both father and son rumma... .... Looking at these effects, it is obvious that they revolve around how the intestate demise of the world affected humanity. The journey the man and the boy traveled through depressing America in truth unlocks the reality of a Judgment Day. All of us come from unpredictable societies, and unfortunately we poison all we come in contact with, and simply don’t care when it comes to our environment. â€Å"On this road there are no godspoke men. They are gone and I am left and they have taken with them the world. Query: How does the never to be differ from what never was† (McCarthy, p. 32)? This quote gives an idea of what kind of catastrophe might have struck the world, and that the prophets are gone, taking the world with them. Whatever happened to humankind in the novel, The Road, was completely destroyed along with the moral principles that man and the boy, even we value.

Life in the city Essay

Life in the city is full of activity. Early in the morning hundreds of people rush out of their homes in the manner ants do when their nest is broken. Soon the streets are full of traffic. Shops and offices open, students flock to their schools and the day’s work begins. The city now throb with activity, and it is full of noise. Hundreds of sight-seers, tourist and others visit many places of interest in the city while businessmen from various parts of the world arrives to transact business. Then towards evening, the offices and day schools begin to close. Many of the shops too close. There is now a rush for buses and other means of transport. Everyone seems to be in a hurry to reach home. As a result of this rush, many accidents occur. One who has not been to the city before finds it hard to move about at this time. Soon, however, there is almost no activity in several parts of city. These parts are usually the business centres. With the coming of night, another kind of activity begins. The streets are now full of colourful lights. The air is cooler and life becomes more leisurely. People now seek entertainment. Many visit the cinemas, parks and clubs, while others remain indoors to watch television or listen to the radio. Some visit friends and relatives and some spend their time reading books and magazines. Those who are interested in politics discuss the latest political developments. At the same time, hundreds of crimes are committed. Thieves and robbers who wait for the coming of night become active, and misfortune descends upon many. For the greed of a few, many are killed, and some live in constant fear. To bring criminals to justice, the officers of the law are always on the move. Workers and others who seek advancement in their careers attend educational institutions which are open till late in the night. Hundreds of them sit for various examinations every year. The facilities and opportunities that the people in the city have to further their studies and uncrease their knowledge of human affairs are indeed many. As a result, the people in the city are usually better informed than those of the village, where even a newspaper is sometimes difficult to get. The city could, therefore, be described as a place of ceaseless activity. Here, the drama of life is every day.

Jacksonian democracy Essay

Jacksonian Democracy refers to the political philosophy of United States President Andrew Jackson and his supporters. Jackson’s policies followed in the footsteps of Thomas Jefferson. Jackson’s Democratic Party was resisted by the rival Whig Party. More broadly, the term refers to the period of the Second Party System (1824-1854) when Jacksonian philosophy was ascendant as well as the spirit of that era. It can be contrasted with the characteristics of Jeffersonian democracy, which dominated the previous political era. Jackson’s equal political policy became known as Jacksonian Democracy, subsequent to ending what he termed a â€Å"monopoly† of government. The Jacksonian era saw a great increase of respect and power for the common man, as the electorate expanded to include all white male adult citizens, rather than only land owners in that group. In contrast to the Jeffersonian era, Jacksonian democracy promoted the strength of the presidency and executive branch at the expense of Congress, while also seeking to broaden the public’s participation in government. Jacksonians believed in enfranchising all white men, rather than just the propertied class, and supported the patronage system that enabled politicians to appoint their supporters into administrative offices, arguing it would reduce the power of elites and prevent aristocracies from emerging. They demanded elected (not appointed) judges and rewrote many state constitutions to reflect the new values. In national terms the Jacksonians favored geographical expansion, justifying it in terms of Manifest Destiny. There was usually a consensus among both Jacksonians and Whigs that battles over slavery should be avoided. The Jacksonian Era lasted roughly from Jackson’s 1828 election until the slavery issue became dominant after 1850 and the American Civil War dra matically reshaped American politics as the Third Party System emerged.

Entrepreneur Interview & Personal Analysis Essay - 1

Entrepreneur Interview & Personal Analysis - Essay Example The opportunity is at the center of the process, however, the identification opportunity and its realization depends upon the personality of the entrepreneur and his team. Other important elements of Timmons’s model are technical expertise and experience required to cash on the identified opportunity. The finance and other resources are placed at the last of this model of entrepreneurial process. (Lebherz, 2010, p.16-20) Specific questions were articulated to gain Mr. Hudson reaction on each element of the Timmons’s model. Clutching an opportunity requires a vigilant eye on current issues and openings. First three questions are focused to gain some knowledge of innovative thoughts that help Mr. Hudson to conceive the idea of the Edge Technologies. Because Mr. Hudson is not a descendent of an entrepreneur family, the enterprise realization is a display of his leadership and managerial qualities. The second question is targeted to gain his input on early strategic plannin g he did to minimize risks and enhance the chances of his success being an entrepreneur. Early shocks of business are a sheer test of entrepreneur courage and character. Third question is aimed at learning about the things that went wrong and posed a challenge to the existence and continuation of corporate operations. This might be very helpful in the assessment of an entrepreneurial character and can provide important insights into the strength of strategic plans laid down in early phases of enterprise establishment. The next section of the interview is aimed at understanding some personal attributes and characteristics of Mr. Hudson personality. This includes his concept of a successful entrepreneur and personal independence, which serves as lighthouse to guide rest of the entrepreneurial activities and forms the basis of other principles. Bygrave & Andrew (2010, p. 52) observes, â€Å"It does appear that entrepreneurs have a higher internal locus of control, than non-entrepreneu rs, which means that they have a stronger desire to be in control of their own fate.† The success of an entrepreneur is characterized by his attitude, ambition, confidence, knowledge, skills and experience. A variable mix of these personal attributes defines the future direction of the business and decides the way corporate objectives are pursued. Among all the attribute of an entrepreneur that contributes towards the success, the most significant is the knowledge of personal strengths and weaknesses. It is important for an entrepreneur to know exactly what shortcomings he needs to avoid and where he can zoom into his strengths. Some of the questions were designed to gain a professional and technical insight into the business. Despite of the over whelming influence of the entrepreneur on the enterprise, an efficient team is required to materialize and achieve corporate goals. This team marks the difference how risks and financial challenges to the enterprise are interpreted an d responded. Moreover, Mr. Hudson’s response on policymaking in the enterprise was sought to catch on his corporate philosophy and decision-making process. The concern of an entrepreneur for his society in this age is considered very important towards the fulfillment of corporate responsibility. Towards the end of Mr. Hudson interview, a question was targeted to get his input on social awareness. The last question was

Ethics in Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethics in Financial Management - Essay Example In the article discussed in this paper we see how a person in power takes advantage of his position for personal gain. Henry M. Paulson was the Treasury secretary during the Bush Administration. He was also a major shareholder of Goldman Sachs. Mr. Paulson wanted to make it seem as if his ethical standards were implacable. He sold all his shares of Goldman Sachs and vowed not to get involved in any issues associated with the investment banking sector since he had many friends and colleagues in the industry. Getting involved in issues associated with the investment banking sector would constitute a conflict of interest ethical violation. A conflict of interest occurs when a person has a conflict between his private interest and the individual public obligations (Answers, 2009). The Treasury secretary was in the middle of the entire bailout package scandal. When the government allocated $85 million dollar of the bailout money to the American International Group (AIG), Mr. Paulson’s former employer, Goldman Sachs, received millions of dollars in debt collection from AIG as a consequence of the b ailout package deal. Even though Henry Paulson claims he did nothing wrong and that his actions were not unethical in any way because he was simply doing his job as secretary of treasury, many Wall Street experts believed Goldman Sachs received preferential treatment during the entire process. During the AIG bailout package took place Mr. Paulson spoke the CEO of Goldman Sachs over two dozen times (Morgenson & Van Natta, 2009). The amount of phone calls exceeds by a lot the conversations the governmental official had with any other Wall Street executive. Mr. Paulson claimed he received an ethics waiver. To me this waiver seems like a cheap excuse because the treasury secretary’s actions were clearly an ethical violation since his former employer was receiving preferential

Chimpanzee and the close relations to humans Research Paper

Chimpanzee and the close relations to humans - Research Paper Example Besides the genetic coding, which explains how we are similar genetically, there are also other factors, which could indicate a direct relation. The first is the way in which chimpanzees live socially with one another. They often live in cluster societies being lead by an alpha male as they hunt for food. They also form highly complex social relationships, which then takes the form of courtship and mating behavior. Like in human cultures, the alpha male gains support through the other members of the community (Power 37-51). Chimpanzees also have intelligences, which are comparable to that of humans and are highly intelligent in the animal kingdom. They have a social psychology in that they understand the organized roles in society. They are also capable of analyzing problems and solving them. One of these ways, which correlates extremely strong to human behavior, is through the creation of tools. Chimpanzees are one of the very few organisms that can create tools besides humans. Chim panzees also have an extremely complex form of language. This includes both nonverbal and verbal forms of communication as well as hand gestures and movements. So far, there have been over 500 different signs, which have been identified by scientists (Cohen 116-18). Besides the social components, which make chimpanzees similar to humans, there are genetic and biological components, which connect both species. There is less than a 2% difference in the genetic coding and variation of the gene sequence. This is due to minor changes in the genetic code. In addition, certain genes were removed while others were kept. It is hypothesized that these small mutations in the genetic code are what allowed humans to gain their adaptive features and since then has explained why humanity has prospered (Reeve, and Black 53-6). It is, however, pertinent to point out the differences that separate homo from pan. The first is the primitive method of locomotion. While humans now have the capability to w alk upright, chimpanzees still walk on all fours. Specifically, they walk on their knuckles, which has limited the development of the full range of motor functions in the hand. Even though they have a highly evolved social structure, it still operates on the premises of instinct and primal power, which is exerted through the use of force. Some of these are the result of biological evolution and some of the traits are the result of years of learning and knowledge accumulation as well as the passing down of traditions and skills. There is definitely a link between both chimpanzees and humans. The exact link and common ancestry has not been identified yet. As explored, there are many social and learning characteristics, such as the organization of communities, which are similar to both species. The undeniable facts of science show that genetically, we share similar coding which can only mean the result of a divergent evolutionary process, which occurred. There has also been a great dea l of research, which has been done in order to show the relationship between how chimpanzees and humans can interact with each other. There has also been research done into understanding the communication skills that chimpanzees possess. In order to find the definite link between the ancestry of humans and chimpanzees, not only must the genetic code be identified, but also do the fossils which would show the link. Works Cited Cohen, Jon. Almost Chimpanzee: Searching for What Makes Us Human,

Evaluation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Evaluation plan - Essay Example The judge in the case and elders of tribes or other ethnic groups, meet together with the offender, thus creating ties between all concerned in how the offender will serve restitution through community services or some other type of applicable punishment. In many of these cases, the victim of the crime will participate in the Circle, although those victims of rape or other physical abuse, may not be so inclined to attend. In such cases, it is also questionable as to whether the Circle is appropriate for use because it tends to promote power and domination which the victim, particularly females and children, may not be able to garner for themselves (Rieger, 2001). It depends heavily on how the Circle is structured and justice applied, along with the cultural application and influences (Potas et al., 2003). The Circle, in essence, acts as a trouble-shooting and problem-solving forum for common issues of alcoholism and drug abuse, for example, with the community helping the offender achieve success by taking care of children, or in other ways, while the offender attends physical rehabilitation to move away from drugs or alcoholism (Tumeth, 2011). The Circle Sentencing is primarily used in ethnic or tribal situations where cultural environments promote the full group as being active in helping one of its members rather than having the offender be removed to face judicial justice by incarceration. The idea of utilizing the Circle Sentencing came into play in 1999 (Rekhari, 2006-07), first in Port Adelaide, then 2002 in New South Wales (NSW), because it was evident that the indigenous peoples, most often the Aborigines, were becoming more prolific in the judicial system although they were being sentenced more often for lesser crimes than other criminals. Part of this was due to an increase in police powers, truth in sentencing, the criminalisation of offensive language, and that the police often targeted those inclined to recidivism (AIC,

James Luna Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

James Luna - Essay Example The product of a Mexican father and Luiseno Indian mother, Luna was born in 1950 on the La Jolla Indian reservation in Southern California. Raised in Orange County, he received a degree in art from the University of California Irvine in 1976. At that time, the art department at Cal-Irvine was a significant influence throughout southern California in terms of encouraging performance and conceptual art. Upon graduation, Luna returned to the La Jolla Reservation and enrolled at San Diego State University where he received a Masters degree in counseling. Currently, he is employed by Palomar College in San Marcos as a counselor. Initially trained as a painter, Luna now travels the globe demonstrating his version of conceptualistic art working principally with presentation video and visual art. His performance combines contemporary artistic offerings with Indian rituals, parodies, humor and autobiographical nuance within the context of prevailing, conventional attitudes toward native culture. Although the artistic methods he employs would be readily recognizable to an audience that prefers contemporary performance or gallery art, he injects this form with the teachings of his native cultural heritage and presents current conditions of native peoples. Despite this, Luna maintains that his form of art is not intended to politically motivate his audience. â€Å"In doing work about social issues I use myself to explore conditions here on the reservation. It is not my place to tell people how to act† (Durland, 2003). Through his works, Luna constantly endeavors to challenge the stereotypical, idealized notion of the dignified, yet savage Indian. His performances are theatrical in nature and are aesthetically intricate while making both subtle and overt political observations all of which produce a multi-faceted perception regarding the native culture to the audience. Luna’s performance is hardly what

Life Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

Life Frankenstein Essay Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein in 1818. Frankenstein was a gothic novel and the book was based on Mary Shellys life as she had a lot of death in her life as her mother died giving birth to her she and she lost her only baby. Mary Shelly want to bring her back as that is what Frankenstein did when his mother die giving birth to his brother. There was a lot of increase of science at time which drove Frankenstein to make the monster. Chapter 5 is the most important chapter as it is when he brings the monster to life but when the monster comes to life Frankenstein would not take responsibility and would not go back to his house I did not dare return to the apartment which I inhabited. It shows that man should not play god if they are not willing to take responsibility for their action which Frankenstein didnt do. He runs out of his house seemingly to detain me, but I escaped, and rushed down stairs. Just because he didnt want to take responsibility for the  Monster. This chapter shows that he is a coward as he made the monster but when he saw it he was scary to him even though he was the one who made it. It also show he is very selfish as he doesnt think of the monster he only thinks of him self and what would happen if one of his friends sees it I dreaded to behold this monster but I feared still more that Henry should see it this show that he thinks more about him self then he does about the monster as he dont want Henry to see it as it would damage his reputation. Shelley used the language to create atmosphere like at the start it is depressing as Frankenstein realises that making the monster was morally wrong it was on a dreary night of November that I behold the accomplishment but at the end it becomes a scared atmosphere as he doesnt want to think of the monster could he allude to an object on whom I dared not even think. The time of day is night my candle was nearly burnt out.  The chapter talks about appearance and reality I behold the wretch the miserable monster whom I had created he called the monster a wretch which means he doesnt see him as a human and he thinks of him as a thing that he can just throw away when he feels like it and make something else just because he look different to every one else when really Frankenstein is the monster. The chapter also talks about isolation and loneliness as  During all that time Henry was my only nurse when he isolated him self he when insane as he wanted to finish his work and not to rest, but he doesnt ask his friends for help.  The chapter shows man should not play god as it is too much responsibility for them to take. Dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now became a hell to me this show that mortals react to they emotions. Humans emotions change very quickly and this shows that they should not play god if they are not willing to play it out to the end and that no human can control they emotions. Studying this chapter has showed that man should not push science too far as it can cause very dangerous things that can hurt people but if we are going to play god which means we should not be allowed to change our emotions and take responsibility for what they have made or done. It also shows that just because you love someone you are aloud to give them a new life as this is going against god.

The concepts of data warehouse and data mining in organization

The concepts of data warehouse and data mining in organization Introduction In today real world, most of information and data has been managed or organized by using information technology and also information system. Information systems are now widely use in every industry to stored data and information for future use. Data warehouse and data mining are the common process that can be found in information technology field. Data warehouse are used to store a huge volume of data and data mining can be defined as a process of pull out patterns fromdata. Data warehouse Adata warehouseworks as an electronic storage area of an organizations to stored data. Data warehouses are planned to assist in reporting and analysis for an organization. Retrieving and analyzing data, extracting, transforming and loading and managing data are also the fundamental components of a data warehousing. The data warehouse has specific characteristics that include the following: 1. Subject-Oriented Information is presented according to specific subjects or areas of interest, not simply as computer files. Data is manipulated to provide information about a particular subject. 2. Integrated Data stored in a worldwide accepted method with constant measurements, naming conventions, physical characteristic and encoding structures. 3. Non-Volatile Stable information that doesnt change each time an operational process is executed. Information is consistent in any case of when the warehouse is accessed. 4. Time-Variant Containing a history of the subject, as well as current information. Historical information is an important component of a data warehouse. 5. Process-Oriented It is important to view data warehousing as a process for delivery of information. The maintenance of a data warehouse is ongoing and iterative in nature. 6. Accessible Provide easy access for information to end-users. There are three Data Warehouse Models: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Enterprise warehouse collects all of the information about subjects across the entire organization à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Data Mart a subset of corporate-wide data that is of value to a specific groups of users. Its scope is confined to specific, selected groups, such as marketing data mart à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Virtual warehouse A set of views over operational databases .Only some of the possible summary views may be materialized Data Warehouse Concepts In data warehouse, there are several concepts that can be listed as valued to data ware housing and the value concepts as per below: 1. Dimensional Data Model- Dimensional data model is usually used in data warehousing systems. This section describes this modeling technique, and the two common schema types,star schemaandsnowflake schema. It is the most regularly used in data warehousing systems. 3rd normal form is different from it, regularly used for transactional (OLTP) type systems. There are few term that can be define regularly to understand dimensional data modeling: Dimension: A category of information. For example, the time dimension. Attribute: A unique level within a dimension. For example, Month is an attribute in the Time Dimension. Hierarchy: The specification of levels that represents relationship between different attributes within a dimension. For example, one possible hierarchy in the Time dimension is Year à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Quarter à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Month à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Day. Slowly Changing Dimension: This is a common issue facing data warehousing practioners. This section explains the problem, and describes the three ways of handling this problem with examples. Conceptual Data Model: A conceptual data model identifies the relationships between the different entities. character of conceptual data model including: Includes the important entities and the relationships among them. No specified attribute. There is no specified primary key. The figure below is an example of a conceptual data model. Conceptual Data Model From the figure above, we can see that the only information shown via the conceptual data model is the entities that describe the data and the relationships between those entities. No other information is shown through the conceptual data model. Logical Data Model: Logical data models explain the data in as much detail as feasible, without look upon to how they will be corporeal apply in the database. Features of a logical data model include: * Consist of all units, entities and relationships between them. * All attributes for each unit are precise and specific. * The primary key for each entity is particular precise. * Foreign keys (keys recognize the relationship between different entities) are specified. * Normalization transpires at this level. The steps for scheming the logical data model are as follows: 1. Identify input keys for all entities. 2. Locate the relationships between different entities. 3. Discover all attributes for each entity. 4. Determine many-to-many relationships. 5. Normalization. The figure below is an example of a logical data model. Logical Data Model The different between two conceptual data of the model from the diagram and the logical data as to be listed below: * Primary keys are present, whereas in a theoretical data model, no primary key is present in a logical data model. * All attributes are specified in an entity. No characteristic are specified in a conceptual data model also in a logical data model, * In a conceptual data model, the relationships are basically set, not explicit, so we simply know that two entities are related, but we do not specify what attributes are used for this relationship. The relationships between entities are specified using primary keys and foreign keys in a logical data model. Physical Data Model Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Data Model: Altered or different levels of abstraction for a data model. This part compares and contrasts the three other types of data models. Data Integrity: What is data integrity and how it is obligatory and enforced in data warehousing. OLAP- stands for On-Line Analytical Processing. The first detonation to provide a definition to OLAP was by Dr. Codd, who proposed 12 rules for OLAP. Then, it was discovered that this particular white paper was support by one of the OLAP tool vendors, thus causing it to drop objectivity. The OLAP Report has proposed the FASMI test, Fast Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information. Bill Inmon vs. Ralph Kimball: These two data warehousing heavyweights have a different outlook of the role between data warehouse and data mart. In the data warehousing field, we frequently attend to about discussions on where a person / organizations viewpoint falls into Bill Inmons camp or into Ralph Kimballs camp. We describe below the difference between the two. Bill Inmons paradigm: Data warehouse is one part of the overall business intelligence system. An enterprise has one data warehouse, and data marts source their information from the data warehouse. In the data warehouse, information is stored in 3rd normal form. Ralph Kimballs paradigm: Data warehouse is the conglomerate of all data marts within the enterprise. Information is always stored in the dimensional model. http://www.1keydata.com/datawarehousing/concepts.html There is no accurate or incorrect between these two idea and views, as they symbolize diverse data warehousing philosophies. In reality, the data warehouse in most schemes is closer to Ralph Kimballs idea. This is because most data warehouses on the go out as a departmental attempt, and hence they invented as a data mart. Only when more data marts are built later do they develop into a data warehouse. There are many theories can be used in executing the data warehouse and depends on the criterion of data that appropriate the significance of the system needed. These concepts are copyright from the website http://www.1keydata.com/datawarehousing/inmon-kimball.html. The Benefits of data warehouse to the organization * The potential to handle server tasks and responsibilities connected to querying which is not used by most operation systems. * Can be ended within the good time frame * The set up do not need a technical skill workers * Data warehouses are exotic unique that they can act as a repository, a repository for transaction processing systems that have been cleaned. * Can produce reports, data extracts, can also be done from outside sources. * Chronological information for competent and competitive analysis * Niche data quality and completeness * Enhancement disaster recovery plans with another data back up source Data Mining Introduction Data mining is the progression of analyzing data from dissimilar standpoint and summarizing it into practical information information that can be used to increase profits, cuts costs, or both. Data mining can also called data or knowledge innovation or knowledge discovery. Software of data mining is one of a number of systematic and methodological tools for evaluating or analyzing data. It assigns the users to analyze and evaluate the data from many different scope or angles, dimensions, proportions, categorize it, and review and summarize the relationships identified. In technical view, data mining is the procedure of finding relationship or patterns among all of fields in large relational databases. The Knowledge Discovery in Databases procedure includes of a few steps the most important from raw and undefined data compilation to some form of innovative knowledge. The progression as of the following steps ²: * Data cleaning: also known as data cleansing, it is a stage in which noise data and irrelevant data are removed from the group collection. * Data integration: at this point, multiple data sources, often heterogeneous, may be combined in a general source. * Data selection: at this step, the data relevant to the analysis is decided on and retrieved from the data collection. * Data transformation: also known as data consolidation, it is a phase in which the certain data is transformed into forms suitable for the mining process. * Data mining: it is the vital step in which smart techniques are applied to extract patterns potentially valuable. * Pattern evaluation: in this step, firmly interesting patterns representing knowledge are identified based on given method. * Knowledge representation: is the final chapter in which the exposed knowledge is visually represented to the user. This crucial step uses visualization techniques to help users understand and infer the data mining results. Function Data mining is mainly data and knowledge for each relation of tools. It enables to decide relationships among home factors and external factors for each study. The purpose as large-scale information technology has been emergent detach transaction and analytical systems, data mining provides the link between the two. Data mining software analyzes relationships and patterns in stored transaction data based on open-ended user inquiry. Data mining consists of five major elements ³: * Remove, transform, and load transaction data onto the data warehouse system. * Store and administer the data in a multidimensional database system. * Provide data access to business forecaster and information technology professionals. * Analyze the data by relevance software. * Present the data in a useful format, such as a graph or chart.  ² http://www.exinfm.com/pdffiles/intro_dm.pdf  ³ http://www.anderson.ucla.edu/faculty/jason.frand/teacher/technologies/palace/datamining.htm Data Mining Concepts Data mining process contains of 5 processes, there are ³: * State the problem * Collect the data * Perform pre-processing * Approximate the model (mine the data) * Interpret the model draw the finale  ³http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/24/04712285/0471228524-1.pdf